Objective: There are two monocyte populations in human blood: CD14+CD16âË?â??\nclassical monocytes and CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes. CD14+CD16+\ninflammatory monocytes, account for approximately 10% of the total monocytes,\nmay be expanded in various types of inflammatory conditions. The\npurpose of this study was to investigate whether the expansion of the\nCD14+CD16+ monocyte population represents a risk factor of aseptic loosening\n(AL). Methods: Peripheral monocytes subsets were measured in revision\npatients with AL (n = 35) and in patients with stable implants (SI, n = 56).\nThe gene profiles of TNFÃ?±, IL-1Ã?², CD16, CD68 and TRAP5B from collected\nloosening periprosthetic tissues were analyzed. Results: There were no significant\ndifferences in the CD14+CD16+ monocyte populations between the SI\nand AL patients. The CD14+CD16+ monocytes were marginally higher in revision\npatients with osteolysis (n = 30), compared to patients without osteolysis\n(n = 5) though no statistically difference was found. There was an association\nbetween the CD14+CD16+ monocyte subpopulation and the tissue gene profiles,\nincluding IL-1Ã?² (p = 0.063), CD68 (p = 0.036), and TRAP5B (p = 0.073).\nConclusion: It was demonstrated that the expansion of CD14+CD16+ monocytes\nreflects, to some extent, the inflammatory status of the loosening periprosthetic\ntissues. It is unclear if some of those SI patients (no pain and negative\nradiograph) who have a higher frequency of CD14+CD16+ monocytes\nmay be at the early stage of AL. Further evaluation of CD14+CD16+ monocyte\npopulation, independently or combined with other factors, will be useful to\ndesign a risk profile for AL incidence and progression.
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